The Implications of Big Data to Business Organization Free-Samples

Questions: 1.Introduction of Big Data2.What is Big Data? What is the Relationship between Big Data and Business Analytics? 3.Search and Provide a Case Example of a Company. Answers: 1.Introduction Big Data is a buzz word now days that involves humungous amount of data continuously coming from various sources in structured or unstructured format. The conventional data storage systems and analytical methods fail to deal with Big Data and Big Data analytics. Therefore Hadoop framework was created to handle Big Data. Big Data has found usefulness in auditing where it can be used for fraud detection and prevention. BDO tax advisory firms and international network of public accounting started using Big Data to reduce the errors in manual jobs so that frauds can be accurately detected. Though there are challenges in using Big Data in auditing, but benefits are aplenty. 2.Big Data We are in a pool of data today (Elgendy Elragal, 2014). In a broad range of applications, data is generated and collected continuously at an unprecedented scale by thousands of sources. The data sets are so large that the conventional storage methods fail to store such humungous data. However Big Data is a relative term. For a static application that deals with limited MB (Megabyte) of data, even 100 GB (Gigabyte) of data is Big Data while for a social media site such as Face book that has billions of users globally something in the range of Exabyte (1018 bytes) would qualify for Big Data. Volume however is not the only criteria to classify the data as the Big Data. The other characteristics of Big Data are Variety, Velocity and Veracity (Williamson). Variety is about the data being in different formats. The data comprises audios, videos, texts, and photos etc that require different storage methods to save the data. Managing stagnant huge amount of data is still relatively easy. In case of real Big Data, the data is continuously flowing like a river.(Annoynomous, 2015) gives a bird eye view of live data being exchanged in a second over the internet. Veracity talks about the quality of the data that is being generated. It is not necessary that all the data that is generated could prove useful. Big Data without conveying any information is as good as trash. Therefore it requires the use of business analytics knowledge to convert the data into information. The conventional statistical and analytical softwares fail to store and analyze big data owing to its 4Vs characteristics. (Martinek Stedman, 2014)Hadoop framework was launched by Apache in 2006 to handle Big Data. By 2011 as big data gained momentum various organizations that analyze big data and collect process turned into Hadoop, Yarn, Map Reduce, Spark, HBase, Hive as well as NoSQL databases. Primarily Hadoop clusters and NoSQL are used as the launching pads to store big data before it gets loaded into analytical database. Statistical analysis and text mining plays important role in big data analysis with the BI software and data visualization tools. Analytics application and ETL applications cab ne described in batch mode. 3.Case Study BDO, an international network of advisory and tax firms as well as public accounting that provides professional services across 154 countries. As a part of its professional services, BDO provides auditing services to IT firms that aim to assess, detect and prevent risks and frauds in IT firms. Currently fraud auditing is a painstaking task that requires an auditor to perform brainstorming sessions with the team, discussion with the management about their knowledge of fraud(Trang, 2011), suspicion of fraud, awareness of allegations of fraudulent financial reporting, hours long interviews with the numerous employees and other stakeholders and manually going through the various kind of internal data(O'Neill, 2015). This involves lot of manual work, requires a team of resources and is a time consuming process. Big team and time converts into money i.e. the whole process proves costly to the firms and since it mostly involves human interaction at every level, the process is prone to error s. It is highly possible that the auditors are unable to detect frauds when they are actually happening. Secondly as humans sometimes it is impossible for the auditors to analyze each possible mode through which data can be collected that can prove useful to them in fraud detection. They focus on the limited information presented to them. As a result need of Big Data Analytics have been realized in the auditing and accountancy that would help the firms to gather the data from various sources in structured or unstructured formats and analytics would assist in fraud detection and prevention? However the road to Big Data is not easy. Big Data Challenges To accounting and finance professionals big data provides the possibility of reinvention along with they can take a chance to take a more strategic and future facing role in the Organization(Cokins, Tan, Boomer, 2013) The transition however is not easy. The professionals who want to stand out from the crowd who can develop new ways of thinking and develop new skills. This will require people to get out of their comfort zone and get acquainted to the latest technologies. Apart from developing new analytical capabilities, auditing professionals will have to develop new metrics to detect and prevent frauds and risks and create a visual language of data art that would help the professionals to easily identify the frauds through deviations and outlier detections. Big data requires vast amount of data in various formats to be collected, stored and transferred through technological means. Getting the big data right can facilitate the performance, productivity and can yield high end results. Therefore data management is a big challenge in leveraging Big Data capabilities in auditing to use the data strategically and unlock the data potential.(Alcides, 2016) When Big Data management and Big Data analytics are discussed, it is imperative that technology is discussed as well. Leveraging Big Data potential requires upgrading IT infrastructure, bringing technical specialists on board to setup the whole system. This need large amount of investment therefore implementing Big Data solutions is a strategic decision that requires discussions from various aspects and long term benefits have to be kept in mind during such discussions. One other important challenge that Big Data face in auditing and accountancy is ethics and data privacy(Katz, 2014). Fraud detection would require surveillance of employees such as tapping of their mails, time they spend on internet, sites visited, telephone calls made, and all the text floating among the employees within an organization. This poses a threat to employees privacy at work, and loss of data security to selected personnel. However some contend that collection of data through corporate resources within a corporate for a corporate purpose is a fair game for the efforts of corporate accountants. Big Data Benefits The challenges that Big Data face in the industry can be countered by the benefits and the ROI that it brings. Auditors work involves flipping through hundreds of documents, reading thousands of mails, interviewing people for hundreds of hours(O'Neill, 2015). Big Data allows the auditors to look at the dark corners of the rooms that have been ignored in the past and actually can prove useful in detecting the frauds. All this data is in unstructured format and sometimes uninterruptable by a naked eye. Auditors can be benefited through the use of Big Data and analytics as it can bring all the structured and unstructured data together into a single platform that can be crunched and analyzed and used in fraud detection. The other benefit of using Big Data and Big Data analytics is repetition. The models used in Big Data can be reused for multiple cases and similar analytics techniques can be used that would save time, labor and money. Repeating the same models in multiple cases reduces the team members labor of doing the same job again and again from the scratch and with time, saves the money.(Baechle, 2017) Big Data analytics allow the information to be visualized from various sources like social media, emails or any official document. This process helps auditors and accountant professionals can see the level of frauds. Visualization is an easy way of detecting the outliers or the suspicious activity. When they have to deal with huge data it helps in identifying anomalies and trends. Using the right Big Data tools, impact on response time is also high. Data involving millions of points can be analyzed quickly in hours using Big Data tools otherwise which would take weeks or months to analyze.(Navroop, 2017) BDO Consulting Director Kirstie Tiernan said in one of her consulting case involved thousands of vendors and they were to determine which one was causing the discrepancy. They leveraged Big Data capabilities and analytics to cut a list of vendors from thousands to a dozen and from that place they can see the data for any inconsistencies. There was one vendor that had tons of inconsistent data and other clues that was used to zero on to that vendor. It was the use of Big Data analytics that helped BDO to quickly analyze such huge data sets and determine the irregularities in data. If they had been interviewing all the vendors and using random sampling as they did in the past, the probability to have found that specific vendor would have been very low (Brown, 2016). Conclusion The benefits of Big Data cannot be ignored in auditing and accounting firms where the firms are leveraging the potential of Big Data to save time reduce costs and minimize the errors in fraud detection. Accurately detecting the frauds can mitigate the risks for an organization and lead to increase in productivity. Though there are challenges that Big Data bring to the table such as putting in investment to upgrade IT infrastructure, hiring Big Data technical specialists, educating professionals on how to use Big Data technologies and analytics, but the benefits and long term Return on Investments are quite high that would help the organizations and its people. Bibliography (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDO_International Alcides, F. (2016). Prototyping a GPGPU Neural Network for Deep Learning Big Data Analysis. Annoynomous. (2015). Retrieved April 23, 2017, from www.internetlivestats.com: https://www.internetlivestats.com Baechle, C. (2017). Big Data driven co-occuring evidence discovery in chronic obstructive pulmonary disesse. Journal of Big data . Brown, J. (2016, March 14). Retrieved from https://www.firstinsight.com/press-coverage/5-ways-companies-are-using-big-data Cokins, G., Tan, G., Boomer, G. (2013). Big data: its power and perils. The Futures Company. Elgendy, N., Elragal, A. (2014). Big Data Analytics: A Literature Review Paper. ResearchGate . Katz, D. M. (2014, March 4). Accountings Big Data Problem. Retrieved April 23, 2017, from CFO: https://ww2.cfo.com/management-accounting/2014/03/accountings-big-data-problem/ Martinek, L., Stedman, C. (2014). serachbusinessanalytics. Retrieved April 23, 2017, from https://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/definition/big-data-analytics Navroop, K. (2017). Efficient Resource Management system based on 4vs of Big data streams. O'Neill, E. (2015). CA Today. Retrieved April 21, 2017, from ICAS: https://www.icas.com/ca-today-news/10-companies-using-big-data Trang, D. (2011). THE AUDITORS ROLE IN DECTIONING AND PREVENTIONING FRAUD. Williamson, J. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.dummies.com/careers/find-a-job/the-4-vs-of-big-data/

The Human Rights Issue of Guantanamo Bay Essay Example For Students

The Human Rights Issue of Guantanamo Bay Essay Human rights are those rights that all persons inherently possess. These rights are protected by various legal principals such as the rule of law and ensure the dignity of all people. Various organisations such as the United Nations attempt to ensure that all nations adhere to human rights laws. However, human rights are being violated by countries all around the world, even by countries such as the United States who have the national strategy America must stand firmly for the non negotiable demands of human dignity . The United States have been breaching international covenants and conventions on human rights with their terrorist detention camp at Guantanamo Bay. The United States, however, acts according to the laws it defines for itself . It is entitled to do so as it is a sovereign state. We will write a custom essay on The Human Rights Issue of Guantanamo Bay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Guantanamo Bay is an American Navel base used to permanently incapacitate approximately 660 detainees from 40 nations, including children. Because the base is located on Cuban territory the prisoners are not protected by the American constitution or judiciary it is the obligation of the Judicial Branch to ensure the preservation of our constitutional values . These prisoners are held at the detention center in legal limbo, with no access to lawyers or families . The prisoners are kept isolated for 24 hours a day, little outdoor exercise time and no interaction with other prisoners. The inmates are interrogated for hours at a time and it is commonly speculated subject to torture. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is the only non government organisation allowed access to the prisoners. The ICRC is worried about the psychological impact that the prison is inflicting on inmates. A photograph released by the Pentagon shows inmates kneeling before soldiers, hands and ankl es cuffed with masks completely covering their faces. The photograph has become an icon of unacceptable US exceptionalism . Sayed Abbasin, once an inmate of the Guantanamo bay detention center described the experience it was the act of an animal to treat a human being like that . The United States government authorised military commissions to hand down the death penalty for detainees of Guantanamo Bay. Against the verdicts the prisoners have no right to appeal, which is a requirement of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The defendant has no say in any legal matters, even to who defends him in court. The commissions are also allowing a lower standard of proof as to allow for evidence obtained through coercion to be admissible. These commissions themselves violate the principles of natural justice and the separation of the judiciary, allof which contradict the rule of law. The United States government cannot create unfair commissions administered by the executive, with the power to hand down death sentences to suit their current requirements. Lord Steyn, a leading judge from the United Kingdom has stated that these commissions would be a stain on United States Justice . The situation at Guantanamo Bay directly violates various international treaties and covenants including the Geneva Convention and the ICCPR. On January 11 2002 Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld outlined the stance the United States would be taking in regards to the terrorists detained at Guantanamo Bay. The United States have labeled the prisoners at Guantanamo Bay unlawful combatants and that therefore the Geneva Convention does not protect these individuals. Jamie Fellner director of Human Rights Watch states that as America is party to the Geneva Convention they are required to treat all combatants equally and humanely. The Geneva Convention is also violated simply through the authorisation of these military commissions under the convention all captured fighters regardless if they are members of an adversary states armed forces or are part of an identifiable militia group are to be tried under the same laws and courts as the detaining countrys armed forces. Therefore these mil itary commissions not only violate the Geneva Convention but also the rule of law in the fact that they were architected with the purpose of dealing with inmates at Guantanamo Bay, and have never applied to American soldiers. .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .postImageUrl , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:hover , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:visited , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:active { border:0!important; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:active , .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f53d8218cff9b23fcccac7a47f8a2ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American Music EssayHuman rights violations are allowed to occur because the international community is incapable of punishing or enforcing violations.

Capital Punishment Essays - Penology, Capital Punishment, Murder

Capital Punishment Essays - Penology, Capital Punishment, Murder Capital Punishment There has been many controversies in the history of the United States, ranging from abortion to gun control, but capital punishment has been one of the most hotly contested issues in recent decades. Capital punishment is the legal infliction of the death penalty on persons convicted of a crime (Cox). It is not intended to inflict any physical pain or any torture; it is only another form of punishment. It is irrevocable because it removes those punished from society permanently, instead of temporarily imprisoning them. The usual alternative to the death penalty is life-long imprisonment. Capital punishment is a method of retributive punishment as old as civilization itself. The death penalty has been imposed throughout history for many crimes, ranging from blasphemy and treason to petty theft and murder. Many ancient societies accepted the idea that certain crimes deserved capital punishment. Ancient Roman and Mosaic law endorsed the notion of retaliation; they believed in the rule of "an eye for an eye." Similarly, the ancient Egyptians, Assyrians, and Greeks all executed citizens for a variety of crimes. The most famous people to be executed are Socrates and Jesus. Only in England, during the reigns of King Canute (1016-1035) and William the Conqueror (1066-1087) was the death penalty not used, although the results of interrogation and torture were often fatal (Kronenwetter 12). Later, Britain reinstated the death penalty and brought it to its American colonies. Although the death was widely accepted throughout the early United States, not everyone approved of it. In the late-eighteen century, opposition to the death penalty gathered enough strength to lead to important restrictions on the use of the death penalty in several northern states, while in the United States, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Rhode Island abandoned the practice altogether (Kronenwetter 15). In 1794, Pennsylvania adopted a law to distinguish the degrees of murder and only used the death penalty for premeditated first-degree murder. Another reform took place in 1846 in Louisiana. This state abolished the mandatory death penalty and authorized the option of sentencing a capital offender to life imprisonment rather than to death. After the 1830s, public executions ceased to be demonstrated but did not completely stop until after 1936. Throughout history, governments have been extremely inventive in devising ways to execute people. Executions inflicted in the past are now regarded today as ghastly, barbaric, and unthinkable and are forbidden by law almost everywhere. Common historical methods of execution included: stoning, crucifixion, burning, breaking on the wheel, drawing and quartering, peine forte et dure, garroting, beheading or decapitation, shooting and hanging (Kronenwetter 171). These types of punishments today are considered cruel and unusual. In the United States, the death penalty is currently authorized in one of five ways: firing squad, hanging, gas chamber, electrocution, and lethal injection. These methods of execution compared to those of the past are not meant for torture, but meant for punishment for the crime. For the past decades capital punishment has been one of the most hotly contested political issues in America. This debate is a complicated one. Capital punishment is a legal, practical, philosophical, social, political, and moral question. The notion of deterrence has been at the very center of the practical debate over the question of capital punishment. Most of us assume that we execute murderers primarily because we believe it will discourage others from becoming murderers. Retentionists have long asserted the deterrent power of capital punishment as an obvious fact. The fear of death deters people from committing crimes. Still, abolitionists (people against capital punishment) believe that deterrence is little more than an assumption-and a naive assumption at that. Abolitionists claim that capital punishment does not deter murderers from killing or killing again. They base most of their argument against deterrence on statistics. States that use it extensively show a higher murder rate than those that have abolished the death penalty. Also, states that have abolished the death penalty and then reinstituted it show no significant change in the murder rate. They say adjacent states with the death penalty and those without show no long term differences in the number of murders that occur in that state. And finally, there has been no record of change in the rate of homicides in a

International Marketing Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Marketing Theories - Essay Example The theory that is most applicable for companies that produce fast moving consumer goods is Quelch and Hoff who suggest that it is better for companies to achieve economies of scale by concentrating on the total demand of a number of countries; this can help them achieve a higher learning curve through an accumulated experience. Companies like Procter & Gamble have concentrated their detergent production for example in fewer plants thus taking advantage of lower costs because of economies of scale. But, like products many companies can also use a global communication approach by standardizing the product and also the promotion technique at both ends. Same ads can be used to target similar markets, thus economies can be achieved if expensive commercials are used. And we see popular examples like Lux which is truly an international brand name and the same premium position that its focus is. Similarly as products grow in their life cycle national brands also go global. These global bran ds capture the global customers as its market in the sense that it really sees the customers similarity and wipe out any differences that it may see to target then with a single stick.

Critical thinking-onion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical thinking-onion - Coursework Example Furthermore, the website also provides video backup for the existing written texts. Some of the videos are automatic such that they start as soon as one clicks into the link. The website has various headlines. For instance, New Study Finds Therapy, Antidepressants Equally Effective At Monetizing Depression, Grandchild, Grandfather Equally Dreading Collaborating For School Interview Project among others. The satirical source conveys a partisan bias in the manner in which it delivers information. For example, the satirical source address success in finding an antidepressant that has great effectiveness at depression monetization (Norman 1). However, new turn of events comes when the author diverts attention into its financial benefits to its dealers. Norman, Ok. New Study Finds Therapy, Antidepressants Equally Effective At Monetizing Depression. New York: The Onion, February 17, 2015. Accessed on February 18, 2015 from

Research About Differences in Grade Essay Example for Free

Research About Differences in Grade Essay Introduction The field of Information Technology is one of the most interesting courses of study. This is very evident in the growing number of students pursuing the field in our school, College of the Immaculate Conception (CIC). In our (the CIC community)commitment for excellence as stipulated in our vision and mission, the school administrators, faculty and staff are continuously seeking ways on how we can improve our programs, the content and delivery of instruction and most especially our students. We do such by attending fora, conducting various seminar/workshops/trainings, benchmarking with other schools, peer mentoring, pursuing graduate studies and eventually aspiring and working for a university status through an ongoing accreditation with PAASCU (Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities). In the 4-year stint of offering the Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, often, we are able to have not less than three blocks every semester. As a private school competing with so many others within the province, we represent quite a volume in our enrolment. However, most often than not, most students do not earn impressive grades. Though they pass, their grades as evidences of their performance in their different subjects, are quite low. Despite of the effort and commitment of the faculty to adapt, implement, innovate strategies for facilitating learning, very few of our students make it to have high grades especially in major subjects. Among these subjects are Computer Organization, Database Management System and System Analysis and Design. This leads the researcher in making this term paper to seek an answer to the problem cited below. Statement of the Problem Considering the subjects mentioned above, this study aims to answer: Is there a significant difference on the performance of the students in these three major subjects? Significance of the Study This term paper is deemed important for the following groups of people in our academe: For the teachers. The result of this study will shed some light on different performance, if there is any, of our students in the subjects concerned thereby providing an opportunity for improvement. If there is such difference, the subject and the teacher handling it may provide some effective means that others may use. Moreover, this term paper may also bring forth some more ideas for us, teachers, to get to know more our students and therefore provide them with the necessary intervention for better scholastic achievement. For IT students in CIC. Students, whose grades are used in this paper, may be benefitted thru proper interventions that maybe drafted for them. For future takers of the subjects mentioned here, this may prepare them for the semester wherein they will take the subjects. For the researcher, herself. This term paper is the culmination of her struggle with Statistics. The success of this paper may lead to more papers where topics learned in this subject may be applied for the creation of new knowledge and for delivery of information. Quite an exciting future for the researcher, she believes. Scope and Delimitation This term paper entitled â€Å"Difference of Selected BSIT 3 Students’ Performance in Three Major Subjects: A Term Paper† is focused on finding the difference, if there is any, in three major subjects taken by BSIT 3 of the College of the Immaculate Conception last 1st Sem of School Year 2010-2011. The subjects concerned were Computer Organization, Database Management System and System Analysis and Design. Computer Organization, mostly theoretical in nature, deals with various hardware structures and their interaction with each other. Database Management System, on the other hand, aims to develop a skill in designing, creating and maintaining and/or manipulating a database using MySQL. Lastly, System Analysis and Design focuses on the rudiments of systems development through a feasibility study which is collaborative in nature. These are three different subjects taken by mostly the same students, inclusive of irregular students, under different teachers. This term paper is limited only for the three subjects. It is not concerned, in any way, how those subjects were delivered nor with each student’s intellectual capacity. Definition of Terms CIC. College of the Immaculate Conception CIC community. Refers to the CIC administration, faculty and staff. Programs. Refers to the different course offerings of CIC Blocks. Refers to each class of students consisting of, ideally, not more than 40 students. IT Subject. Refers to each subject offered in the Bachelor Science in Information Technology curriculum. Computer Organization. Refers to the IT subject that presents the various hardware structures (down to transistor level) that compose a computer, their individual functions, how they interact with each other, how they can be organized and controlled to perform the task assigned to the computer. Database Management System. Refers to an IT subject that tackles the following topics: the physical database design process (the last stage of database design), data administration functions, which encompass concurrency control, database security and recovery. System Analysis and Design. This It subject deals with the different phases of systems development focusing on analysis and design where students will learn the rudiments of systems development through a feasibility study. College. Refers to CIC. Methodology The methodology employed in this study is the simple analysis of variance (ANOVA) or one-way ANOVA. According to Prof Isidra Marcos (2011), a distinguished professor in the NEUST graduate school, ANOVA is used for testing that two or more independent samples were drawn from population as having the same mean or to test whether or not more than 2 samples (or groups) are significantly different from each other. Each column in this table refers in each subject. The first column is for Computer Organization, the second one is for Database Management System and lastly for the System Analysis and Design. The last row displays in each cell the number of grades in each column. For the first subject, 31 grades corresponding to 31 students were gathered. There were also 31 and 33 on the second and last columns respectively.

The Forgotten Prejudice :: social issues

The Forgotten Prejudice Prejudice is defined surely as the mistreatment of a person or people due to a preconceived bias. In Britain today there is an obsession with not being racist, and to a lesser extent, not being sexist. However rampant homophobia still exists and noone sees fit to criticise. So here we go..... Homophobia; the word itself is a simbol of the difference between the opinions of society on the mistreatment of gay people compared to the mistreatment of women or ethnic minority groups. The word suggests an irrational fear, rather than a crime or prejudice as racism sexism and ageism do. Being gay is a natural thing. Having observed the disgusting prejudices that seem to go hand in hand with homosexuality in our society, i imagine that noone would CHOOSE to be gay. You cannot choose who you fall in love with. When you hit puberty, you find yourself attracted to people. You do not consciously decide to be straight. Therefore i conclude that you do not consciously decide to be gay. Finally, many species of wild animals (including giraffes, monkeys and birds) have displayed homosexual behaviour. Therefore homosexuality does occur in nature.Some people claim that being gay is unnatural. Clearly they are wrong. Many people base their assertions that being gay is wrong or in some way deviant on their religious beliefs. This i find incredable. God makes man in his image, he has a purpose for each of us etc. Why then would he make some people gay if being gay is intolerable to him. If homosexuality is a sin, and God makes some people gay, what kind of mean trick is that? (i know that that is a very simplistic way of saying it). God supposedly loves everyone. Would he want the ostracision of some of his children because of their sexual preferance? Some people claim that there is something 'wrong' with the minds of gay people, in other words suggesting that they are mentally disturbed or abnormal. If this was true, would it be an excuse for their mistreatment? It may be true that the brain of a gay person may be different in some way from the mind of a straight person (i dont know) But the mind of a man is different to that of a woman. As i hope we all see, different does not mean inferior. And wouldnt it be God that is responsible for those differences?